C++ Operators | CrackEase

Operators In C

What is an Operator ?

Operators are symbols used to perform mathematical, relational, logical and bitwise operations on data and variables. An expression is a combination of operands and operators. Operands are the values or variables on which operators act.

Operator Types

Operators are broadly classified as:

Unary operators — operate on a single operand.
Binary operators — operate on two operands.

Unary operator: used with one operand.

Binary operator: used with two operands.

Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus. Assume A = 5 and B = 10

Operator	Function	Example
+	Adds two operands (numbers)	A + B = 15
-	Subtracts second operand from the first	A - B = -5
*	Multiplies the operands	A * B = 50
/	Divides numerator by denominator	B / A = 2
%	Returns remainder after division	B % A = 0
++	Increment operator — increases integer value by one	++A = 6 (pre-increment)
--	Decrement operator — decreases integer value by one	A-- = 4 (post-decrement)

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used in decision-making and conditional statements to combine or invert logical expressions. Assume A = 5, B = 10.

Operator	Function	Example
&&	Logical AND — true if both operands are true	(A > 8 && B == 10) is false
\|\|	Logical OR — true if any operand is true	(A > 8 \|\| B == 10) is true
!	Logical NOT — inverts the logical state	!(A > 8 \|\| B == 10) is false

Bitwise operators

Bitwise operators operate on the binary representation (bits) of integer values. For example A = 50 (0011 0010) and B = 10 (0000 1010).

Operator	Function	Example
&	Bitwise AND — copies bit to result if it is set in both operands	(A & B) = 2
\|	Bitwise OR — copies bit if set in either operand	(A \| B) = 58
^	Bitwise XOR — copies bit if set in one operand only	(A ^ B) = 56
~	Bitwise NOT — inverts all bits	(~A) = -51 (two's complement)
<<	Left shift — shifts bits left	A << 2 = 200
>>	Right shift — shifts bits right	A >> 2 = 12

Relational operators

Relational operators compare two values and return a boolean result (true/false). Assume A = 5, B = 10.

Operator	Function	Example
==	Equal to — true if operands are equal	(A == B) is false
!=	Not equal to — true if operands are not equal	(A != B) is true
>	Greater than	(A > B) is false
<	Less than	(A < B) is true
>=	Greater than or equal to	(A >= B) is false
<=	Less than or equal to	(A <= B) is true

Assignment operators

Assignment operators assign values to variables. Compound assignment operators perform an operation and assignment in one step.

Operator	Function	Example
=	Assign right operand to left	C = A + B
+=	Add and assign	C += A (C = C + A)
-=	Subtract and assign	C -= A (C = C - A)
*=	Multiply and assign	C = A (C = C A)
/=	Divide and assign	C /= A (C = C / A)
%=	Modulus and assign	C %= A (C = C % A)
<<=	Left shift and assign	C <<= 2
>>=	Right shift and assign	C >>= 2
&=	Bitwise AND and assign	C &= 2
^=	Bitwise XOR and assign	C ^= 2
\|=	Bitwise OR and assign	C \|= 2

Miscellaneous operators

Other useful operators:

Operator	Function	Example
sizeof()	Returns size (in bytes) of a type or variable	sizeof(a)
&	Address-of operator — returns address of a variable	&a
*	Dereference operator (pointer access)	*p
?:	Conditional (ternary) operator — shorthand for if-else	cond ? X : Y

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